Abnormal Bleeding? It May Be Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It is most commonly found in women who are postmenopausal. However, it can occur in younger women with certain risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, or prolonged exposure to estrogen without progesterone.

Symptoms of Endometrial Cancer

• Vaginal bleeding after menopause
• Prolonged or unusually heavy menstrual bleeding
• Irregular spotting between periods
• Pelvic or lower abdominal pain
• Unexplained weight loss (in advanced stages)

Important Warning: If you experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause, you should seek medical attention immediately.

Diagnosis

• Pelvic examination
• Transvaginal ultrasound
• Endometrial biopsy or dilation and curettage (D&C)
• Hysteroscopy (for direct visual inspection and biopsy)
• Imaging scans (CT/MRI) to assess the cancer stage

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the stage of cancer and the patient’s overall health:

1. Surgery

The most common treatment is a total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), often including the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Lymph nodes may also be removed.

2. Radiation Therapy

Used either after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence or as a primary treatment for those who cannot undergo surgery.

3. Chemotherapy

Recommended for advanced-stage or recurrent cancer.

4. Hormone Therapy

For cancers that are hormone-receptor positive, or for patients who cannot have surgery.