Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms & Risks
What is Male Breast Cancer?
Male breast cancer is a disease caused by abnormal growth of breast tissue cells in men. Although it accounts for only about 1% of all breast cancer cases, it can be just as serious as in women. Men generally have less breast tissue, so cancerous lumps are located closer to the skin and nipple, which can lead to faster progression if diagnosed late.
Warning Signs and Symptoms
Check yourself regularly and watch for:
- A hard lump in the breast or underarm
- Nipple retraction, distortion, or discharge (including blood)
- Dimpling of the skin, resembling an orange peel, or thick red patches
- Changes in breast size or shape
- Unusual swelling, pain, or warmth in the breast or underarm
If a lump does not go away within 2–4 weeks, seek medical attention promptly.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause is not fully known, but several factors may increase risk:
- Genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2
- Family history of breast cancer
- Older age (more common after age 60)
- Elevated estrogen levels
- Previous chest radiation exposure
- Chronic liver disease or obesity
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Physical examination and medical history review
- Mammogram and ultrasound
- Biopsy to confirm diagnosis
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer and the patient’s health. Options include:
- Surgery to remove breast tissue or the nipple
- Radiation therapy to destroy remaining cancer cells
- Chemotherapy to reduce or eliminate cancer spread
- Targeted therapy for cancers with specific protein receptors
- Hormone therapy for hormone receptor-positive cancers
Prevention and Screening
- Perform regular self-exams
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise Regularly
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Discuss genetic testing and screening with your doctor if you have a family history
summarize
While male breast cancer is rare, it can be severe. Recognizing early warning signs and getting timely diagnosis can significantly improve treatment outcomes and reduce the risk of progression.
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