Constipation from Chemotherapy

Constipation is a common side effect of chemotherapy (chemo) and can make patients feel uncomfortable or even worsen their overall health condition. Understanding what causes chemo-related constipation and how to relieve it can help improve quality of life during treatment.

Causes of Constipation from Chemotherapy

There are several reasons why chemotherapy may lead to constipation:

• Direct effect of chemotherapy drugs – Some chemo drugs, such as vincristine, slow down bowel movements.
• Side effects of supportive medications – Anti-nausea drugs (e.g., ondansetron) and opioid painkillers (e.g., morphine) commonly cause constipation.
• Dehydration and low fiber intake – Patients with nausea may eat and drink less, leading to harder stools.
• Reduced physical activity – Fatigue from chemotherapy can cause patients to move less, slowing down bowel movements.

How to Relieve Chemotherapy-Related Constipation

1. Increase Fiber Intake Eating fiber-rich foods like vegetables, fruits, and whole grains or using fiber supplements such as psyllium husk can help improve digestion.

2. Stay Hydrated Drink at least 1.5–2 liters of water daily (unless medically restricted) to help soften stools and ease bowel movements.

3. Engage in Light Exercise Gentle activities like slow walking or stretching can stimulate bowel movements.

4. Use Laxatives as Advised by Your Doctor If constipation persists, consider mild laxatives such as:

• Lactulose – Increases water in the intestines
• Senokot (Senna extract) – Stimulates bowel movement
• Milk of Magnesia – Softens stools for easier passage