EGFR Mutation: The Genetic Key to Lung Cancer Treatment

EGFR Mutation, or the mutation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor gene, is a genetic alteration that occurs within the EGFR gene, which plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and division. The EGFR gene encodes a protein on the cell surface, and when stimulated, this protein sends signals that promote cell growth, division, and survival from natural cell death.

EGFR Mutation and Lung Cancer

EGFR mutations are often found in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly among non-smokers or light smokers. These mutations cause the EGFR protein to function abnormally, leading to the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells.

Types of EGFR Mutations

There are several types of EGFR mutations, but the most common include:

Exon 19 Deletion: A deletion in the EGFR gene at Exon 19, leading to abnormal protein function.
L858R Mutation: A change in the amino acid at position 858 in Exon 21 of the EGFR gene, resulting in abnormal protein function.

Importance in Treatment

Detecting EGFR mutations is crucial for NSCLC patients, as those with these mutations often respond well to targeted therapies. EGFR inhibitors, such as Erlotinib, Gefitinib, and Afatinib, work by blocking the abnormal EGFR protein, stopping cancer cell growth and causing them to die.

Therefore, identifying EGFR mutations is an essential step in planning lung cancer treatment, allowing doctors to choose the most effective targeted therapy.